Aplicación de un enfoque metodológico proveniente de la geografia de la población al estudio comparativo de los rasgos generales de la emigración exterior de los naturales de los archipiélagos del atlántico centrooriental (Azores, Madeira, Canarias y Cabo Verde) en los siglos XIX y XX

[...]. Desde una perspectiva geográfica, la que vamos a desarrollar, la emigración supone la existencia previa de unos factores de repulsión en el foco de partida, al tiempo que unos atractivos en el país de destino. En medio de esos estímulos objetivos que le impulsan a partir o a permanecer se sitúan los posibles emigrantes con su personal potencial emigratorio y con su percepción subjetiva y/o grupal de esa realidad. Pero la valoración positiva de nuevos lugares a donde emigrar no determina todavía el movimiento o viaje, pues deben superarse aun ciertos obstáculos para que la emigración sea efectiva. Barreras como la lengua o la religión y , entre otras mas, las legislaciones restrictivas o selectivas. Todavía queda al emigrante otras dos decisiones cruciales, la de porqué permanecer en la sociedad de acogida, y la de retornar al pais originario, en su caso. [...

Rendimiento deportivo, optimización y excelencia en el deporte

Las últimas décadas se caracterizan por un incremento notable en el estudio y análisis del rendimiento deportivo desde enfoques y ópticas muy variadas. Si los estudios biológicos y fisiológicos han mostrado un retrato del deportista de alto nivel, de sus cualidades condicionales y de su disponibilidad para las prestaciones físicas exclusivas, los enfoques cognitivos y sociobiográficos han mostrado caras diferentes del proceso de llegar a ser experto en el deporte. El papel que el conocimiento sobre las acciones tienen en el rendimiento así como la práctica deliberada son objeto de análisis y de investigación, sus consecuencias están por establecer, su aplicabilidad a la formación de los deportistas por evaluar. En este artículo se realiza un recorrido por estos enfoques y se analizan sus posibles contribuciones, así como la necesidad de evitar oposiciones y favorecer un enfoque funcional que recoja las diferentes aportaciones.In the last decades, there has been a growing interest in the study and analysis of sportive performance from different points of view. On one hand, biological and physiological studies have shown a picture of elite athletes, their conditional capabilities and their availability for exclusive physical performance. On the other hand, cognitive and socio-biographical approaches have shown different sides referring to the process of becoming an expertise in sports. The role that knowledge of actions has on performance, as well as, practice are subject to analysis and research. Their consequences are still un-established and their applicability to athletes' training are still un-evaluated. In this article a route trough those approaches is done, and their eventual contributions are analysed. At the same time, it is defended a position avoiding a positions and favouring a functional and integrative perspective

Phase only transmit beamforming for spectrum sharing microwave systems

This paper deals with the problem of phase-only transmit beamforming in spectrum sharing microwave systems. In contrast to sub-6 GHz schemes, general microwave systems require a large number of antennas due to its huge path loss. As a consequence, digital beamforming needs a large number of computational resources compared to analog beamforming, which only needs a single radio-frequency chain, results the less computational demanding solution. Analog schemes are usually composed by a phase shifter network whose elements transmit at a certain fixed power so that the system designer shall compute the phase values for each element given a set of directions. This approach leads to non-convex quadratic problems where the traditional semidefinite relaxation fails to deliver satisfactory outcomes. In order to solve this, we propose a nonsmooth method that behaves well in several scenarios. Numerical evaluations in different spectrum sharing scenarios, which show the performance of our method, are provided.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

On the Analysis of the Contact Conditions in Temporomandibular Joint Prostheses

Temporomandibular joint replacement (TMJR) is a complex surgical procedure in which the artificial joints available must assure the anatomical reconstruction and guarantee a good range of the natural temporomandibular joint (TMJ) movements. With this aim, different types of TMJ prostheses, including the stock prosthetic system and custom-made prostheses, are being currently implanted. Although temporomandibular joint replacements (TMJRs) are expected to accomplish their function during a number of years, they might actually fail and need to be replaced. This paper analyzes different design factors affecting the contact stress distributions within the TMJ prosthesis interface, which are consequently involved in their deterioration and final failure of the prosthetic device. With this purpose, a numerical model based on finite elements has been carried out in order to evaluate the stress states attained in different prosthesis configurations corresponding to general types of TMJ prostheses. On the other hand, the actual degradation of resected implants has been evaluated via optical microscopy. The linkage between the numerical simulations performed and experimental evidence allowed the authors to establish the different wear and damage mechanisms involved in the failure of stock TMJ prostheses. Indeed, the results obtained show that the contact stresses at the interface between the mandible and the glenoid fossa components play a key role in the failure process of the TMJR devices

Hybrid analog-digital transmit beamforming for spectrum sharing backhaul networks

© 2018 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes,creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.This paper deals with the problem of analog-digital transmit beamforming under spectrum sharing constraints for backhaul systems. In contrast to fully digital designs, where the spatial processing is done at baseband unit with all the flexible computational resources of digital processors, analog-digital beamforming schemes require that certain processing is done through analog components, such as phase-shifters or switches. These analog components do not have the same processing flexibility as the digital processor, but on the other hand, they can substantially reduce the cost and complexity of the beamforming solution. This paper presents the joint optimization of the analog and digital parts, which results in a nonconvex, NP-hard, and coupled problem. In order to solve it, an alternating optimization with a penalized convex-concave method is proposed. According to the simulation results, this novel iterative procedure is able to find a solution that behaves close to the fully digital beamforming upper bound scheme.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Regional cohesion in the EU: An analysis using the Lisbon index approach

El Índice Regional de Lisboa (IRL) cuantifica la cohesión y sintetiza en un solo valor la distancia de las regiones europeas respecto a los objetivos de la Estrategia de Lisboa, así como la distancia existente entre ellas. El IRL se ha calculado para 265 regiones con información procedente de Eurostat sobre el mercado laboral, la formación y el gasto en I+D+i en el periodo 2000-2010. Los resultados muestran que en la EU-27 se consiguió mejorar la situación de las regiones hasta 2007, pero la crisis ha producido un aumento de las desigualdades, situación de la que no escapan las regiones españolas.The Regional Lisbon Index (RLI) quantifies cohesion and summarizes into a single value the distance of European regions to the objectives of the Lisbon Strategy and the distance between them. The RLI has been calculated for 265 European NUTS2 with information from Eurostat on the labor market, training and R & D, in the period 2000-2010. Results show that the regional situation improved up in the EU-27 to 2007, but the crisis has been an increased in inequality, a situation that also occurs in the Spanish regions.Publishe

The mOxy-CaL Process: Integration of Membrane Separation, Partial Oxy-combustion and Calcium Looping for CO2 Capture

CO2 capture and storage (CCS) is considered as a key strategy in the short to medium term to mitigate global warming. The Calcium-Looping process, based on the reversible carbonation/calcination of CaO particles, is a promising technology for post-combustion CO2 capture because of the low cost and non-toxicity of natural CaO precursors and the minor energy penalty on the power plant in comparison with amines capture based technologies (4-9 % compared to 8-12 %). Another interesting process to reduce CO2 emissions in power plants is oxy-combustion, which is based on replacing the air used for combustion by a highly concentrated (~95 % v/v) O2 stream. This work proposes a novel process (mOxy-CaL) for post-combustion CO2 capture based on the integration of membrane separation, partial oxy-combustion and the Calcium-Looping process. An oxygenenriched air stream, which is obtained from air separation by using highly permeable polymeric membranes, is used to carry out partial oxy-combustion. The flue gas exiting partial oxy-combustion shows a CO2 concentration of ~30 % v/v (higher than 15 % v/v typical in coal power plants). After that, the flue gas is passed to the CaL process where the CO2 reacts with CaO solids according to the carbonation reaction. Thermogravimetric analysis show that the multicycle CaO conversion is enhanced as the CO2 concentration in the flue gas stream is increased. Process simulations show that the mOxy-CaL process has a high CO2 capture efficiency (~95%) with lower energy consumption per kg of CO2 avoided than previously proposed post-combustion CO2 capture technologies. Moreover, the overall system size is significantly lower that state-of-the-art CaL systems, which allows for an important reduction in the capital cost of the technology

Parallel simulation of Population Dynamics P systems: updates and roadmap

Population Dynamics P systems are a type of multienvironment P systems that serve as a formal modeling framework for real ecosystems. The accurate simulation of these probabilisticmodels, e.g. with Direct distribution based on Consistent Blocks Algorithm, entails large run times. Hence, parallel platforms such as GPUs have been employed to speedup the simulation. In 2012, the first GPU simulator of PDP systems was presented. However, it was able to run only randomly generated PDP systems. In this paper, we present current updates made on this simulator, involving an input modu le for binary files and an output module for CSV files. Finally, the simulator has been experimentally validated with a real ecosystem model, and its performance has been tested with two high-end GPUs: Tesla C1060 and K40.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2012-37434Junta de Andalucía P08-TIC-0420

The GIANT Project

As the European satellite navigation programme moves forward, with EGNOS as the first step towards Galileo, the user community finds out the potential benefits that the GNSS-based applications can provide to the different economic areas of society. The aviation sector, which has played a decisive role in the specification of these systems, can obtain significant advantages by means of the combined use of GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) systems, once the technical, operational and regulatory problems are overcome. This paper describes the activities that are planned in the context of the GIANT project, the organization of the proposed work and a detailed description of the flight trial campaign. Reprinted with permission from The Institute of Navigation (http://ion.org/) and The Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation, (pp. 1854-1860). Fairfax, VA: The Institute of Navigation